The "Reforming and enhancing the European R&I system" part largely relates to the strengthening and improvement of the European Research Area (ERA) in order to mutually reinforce policy reforms at national level and complement them with policy initiatives, research, networking, partnerships, coordination, data collection and monitoring and evaluation at EU level. To some extent, this is a continuation of the H2020 part „Science with and for Society“ (SwafS).

The ERA part (and subsequently also the individual topics of the calls) is structured into 4 groups:

1. Investments and reforms;
2. Better access to excellence;
3. Transfer of R&I results into economic values; and
4. Deepening the ERA.